# Heat Integration > Pinch Analysis, Heat Exchanger Networks ## Pages - [Explanation](https://heat-integration.com/explanation/): I. How Composite Curves Are Constructed and Interpreted 1. Selection of streams All hot streams are first considered together and plotted on a temperature–enthalpy (T−HT-H) diagram. Each stream is represented by a straight line between its supply and target temperatures, with a slope determined by its heat-capacity flow rate (CPC_{P}). At this stage, the absolute position on the enthalpy axis is arbitrary. Only the temperature span and enthalpy change of each stream matter. 2. Combining hot streams into a hot composite curve The hot composite curve is constructed by examining the temperature intervals formed by the hot streams: This process is […] - [Background](https://heat-integration.com/background/): The Foundations of Process Engineering Process engineering evolved from classical chemical engineering. Unit Operations as Building Blocks The Birth and Rise of Process Integration (1970s-1980s) The 1970s energy crises were a major catalyst. Soaring energy costs made it economically imperative to look at the plant as a whole system, not just a collection of optimized units. Network Diagram Expansion and Maturity (1990s-2000s) Process Integration matured from an energy-saving technique into a broader systems engineering discipline. The Modern Era (2010s-Present) Today, Process Integration is a fundamental pillar of sustainable process engineering. The Evolutionary Relationship References - [Terms of Use](https://heat-integration.com/terms-of-use/): Effective Date: January 9, 2026 Welcome to heat-integration.com (the “Website”), operated by Compound Research LLC (“Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”). These Terms of Use (“Terms”) govern your access to and use of the Website, including any calculators, tools, content, software, and services provided through it (collectively, the “Services”). By accessing or using the Website, you agree to be bound by these Terms and our Privacy Policy, which is incorporated by reference. If you do not agree, please do not use the Website. 1. Use of the Website You may use the Website solely for lawful purposes and in accordance with these […] - [About](https://heat-integration.com/about/): Rajashekhar Pendyala is a chemical engineer and industry practitioner specializing in process design, heat integration, energy optimization, and mathematical modeling. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering from Osmania University, a Master’s degree in Biotechnology from Anna University, and a PhD in Chemical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. His career spans applied research, industrial innovation, and plant-level consulting across the energy and process industries. He has worked with global organizations including GE, PETRONAS, and Honeywell UOP, and has also served as faculty at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, where he taught undergraduate and master’s-level courses, including Process Plant Design […] - [Pinch Analysis Calculator - Minimum Utilities and Heat Exchanger Networks](https://heat-integration.com/): By using this calculator you accept the Terms of Use. - [Contact](https://heat-integration.com/contact/): Heat-Integration.com Contact Information General Inquiries: contact@heat-integration.com Mailing Address Compound Research LLC 2501 Chatham Rd #6320 Springfield, IL, 62704, USA - [Privacy Policy](https://heat-integration.com/privacy-policy/): Last updated: January 2026 Compound Research LLC (“Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) operates the website https://heat-integration.com (the “Service”). We are committed to protecting your privacy and handling your information in a transparent and responsible manner. This Privacy Policy explains how we collect, use, disclose, and safeguard information when you visit or use our Service. By accessing or using the Service, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy. 1. Information We Collect We do not knowingly collect, request, or store personal information that directly identifies individual users. The Service is designed to function without requiring […] ## Optional - [Agent (MCP protocol)](websites-agents.hostinger.com/heat-integration.com/mcp) [comment]: # (Generated by Hostinger Tools Plugin)